System Architecture

NAPELL's aeroponic cultivation unit is a fully enclosed, modular system designed specifically for hospitality environments. The system operates on a closed-loop water cycle, delivering atomized nutrient solution directly to root zones via high-frequency misting nozzles.

1.1 Aeroponic Mist Generation

The system uses high-pressure piezoelectric transducers operating at 2.4 MHz to generate a homogeneous mist with droplet diameter of 5–20 μm. This droplet size maximizes surface area for nutrient absorption while minimizing water consumption.

1.2 Closed-Loop Water Management

Unabsorbed mist condenses on chamber walls and returns to the reservoir via gravity-fed collection channels. The system maintains >95% water use efficiency compared to traditional soil-based cultivation (≈30–40%).

LED Spectrum Optimization

The integrated LED array delivers a proprietary full-spectrum output optimized for Coffea arabica physiological requirements. The spectrum is dynamically adjusted across growth phases using a 6-channel programmable driver.

2.1 Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density (PPFD)

The system maintains a uniform PPFD of 260–300 μmol/m²/s across the canopy, measured at plant surface level. Daily Light Integral (DLI) is controlled at 15–18 mol/m²/d, within the optimal range for C. arabica.

IoT Data Architecture

Each cultivation unit functions as an independent IoT node, streaming telemetry data via Wi-Fi (802.11 b/g/n) or Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE 5.2). Data is transmitted to the NAPELL ESG Intelligence Platform at 60-second intervals.

3.1 Data Payload Schema

3.2 Carbon Sequestration Estimation

Carbon capture is estimated using the dry biomass accumulation method. Each gram of dry coffee plant biomass sequesters approximately 0.43 g CO₂ through photosynthetic fixation. The system uses continuous biomass accumulation modeling based on:

• Leaf area index (LAI) progression — measured via onboard RGB vision
• Stem diameter growth rate — measured via capacitive sensor
• Chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) — indicator of photosynthetic efficiency

The estimated uncertainty of the carbon capture model is ±12% (95% CI), validated against destructively sampled dry biomass measurements (n=40).

Water Use Efficiency Analysis

A side-by-side controlled study (n=12 units, 90-day period) compared NAPELL aeroponic system vs. traditional soil cultivation under identical environmental conditions.

Conclusion: The NAPELL system achieves a 96.5% reduction in water consumption per cup of coffee produced, with zero nutrient runoff due to closed-loop design.

Integration & Deployment

For hotel deployment, each unit requires only a standard grounded power outlet (IEC 60320 C13) and Wi-Fi connectivity (2.4 GHz or 5 GHz). No plumbing, drainage, or specialized HVAC modifications are required.

5.1 Footprint & Clearances

5.2 Maintenance Schedule

1. Weekly: Visual inspection of misting nozzles (automated alert if blockage detected)
2. Monthly: Nutrient solution replacement (automated reminder via ESG dashboard)
3. Quarterly: LED output calibration check (automated, no action required)
4. Annual: Comprehensive system diagnostic (remote, performed by NAPELL)

No horticultural expertise is required at any stage. The system is designed for zero-touch operation.

ESG Data Output

All telemetry data is automatically aggregated into ESG report-ready formats, compatible with GRI 305 (Emissions), SASB AF-WH (Water & Waste), and TCFD climate-related disclosures.

Data integrity is ensured via SHA-256 hashing of each telemetry batch, with the hash recorded on the Hedera Hashgraph public ledger (energy-efficient consusus). This provides tamper-evident verification suitable for third-party ESG audit.

Technical Inquiries

For technical specifications, integration support, or to request the full 42-page whitepaper with appendices, contact our technical team.

Erik Wong · erik.wong@napell.bio · +852 9318 8252

Authentication

All API requests require an X-API-Key header. API keys are issued per property (hotel) and can be scoped to read-only or read-write.

Making Authenticated Requests

Endpoints

GET /telemetry/latest GET

Retrieve the most recent telemetry snapshot from a specific device or all devices at a property.

GET /esg/summary GET

Retrieve aggregated ESG metrics for a specified time period. Suitable for dashboard integration and automated ESG report generation.

POST /esg/export POST

Generate and download an ESG report in GRI/SASB-compatible format. Reports are generated asynchronously; a report_id is returned for polling.

Rate Limits & Errors

The API enforces rate limits to ensure fair usage. Limits are applied per hotel_id.

Error Responses

Webhooks

Configure webhooks to receive real-time notifications for key events. Webhooks are delivered as HTTPS POST requests with a JSON payload and a X-Napell-Signature header for verification.

Event Types

Webhook Payload Example

Signature Verification (Node.js)

Client Libraries

Official client libraries are available for Python and JavaScript/TypeScript. Community-maintained libraries for Go, Java, and PHP are linked in our GitHub organization.

For further assistance with API integration, contact our technical team at tech@napell.bio.

Scope & System Boundary

This methodology quantifies the net GHG emission reduction achieved by replacing imported coffee with on-site aeroponically cultivated coffee at a hotel property. The system boundary is partially cradle-to-grave, limited to the coffee supply chain and the in-hotel cultivation system.

1.1 Included Emission Sources

• Avoided: Cultivation (N₂O from fertilizer, CH₄ from composting), processing (wet/de-pulping energy), transportation (sea + road freight), roasting (natural gas or electricity), packaging (multi-layer plastic/foil).
• New (on-site): Aeroponic system electricity consumption, nutrient solution production (allocated), and CO₂ uptake via photosynthesis (biomass accumulation).
• Excluded: Hotel food waste disposal (coffee grounds to compost/organic waste stream) — treatment is assumed identical for both scenarios.

1.2 Reference Scenario (Baseline)

The reference scenario assumes imported coffee from a representative origin (Colombia or Brazil). Emission factors are sourced from the Table A.1 database (see Appendix).

Carbon Footprint Calculation

2.1 Baseline (Imported Coffee) per Cup

2.2 On-Site Aeroponic System per Cup

Where:

• EFₑlectricity = Grid emission factor for Hong Kong: 0.68 kg CO₂e/kWh (CLP 2025 data)
• E_cup = Electricity consumed per cup = 0.022 kWh (system 120 W, 7-day cycle per 672 cups/year)
• Seq_biomass = Carbon sequestered per cup = 0.08 kg CO₂e (47 g dry biomass/cup × 0.43 kg CO₂/kg biomass)

2.3 Net Reduction per Cup

With a conservative uncertainty adjustment (−15%), the reportable reduction is 0.54 kg CO₂e per cup.

Biomass Carbon Sequestration Model

Carbon sequestration is estimated using a continuous dry biomass accumulation model, validated against destructive sampling (n=40 plants across 6 units, R² = 0.91).

3.1 Daily Biomass Accumulation

Where R_GR (growth rate) is derived from daily PPFD integral, temperature, and VPD using the Thornley model adapted for Coffea arabica:

3.2 CO₂ Sequestration from Biomass

The molecular stoichiometry of photosynthesis:

Each g of dry biomass (≈45% carbon content for C. arabica) represents 1.63 g CO₂ fixed. The system uses a conservative factor of 0.43 kg CO₂ per kg dry biomass to account for below-ground allocation and non-photosynthetic tissue.

Water Use Reduction

The water use reduction is calculated from the closed-loop aeroponic water balance.

4.1 Water Balance Equation

Water saved per cup = 5.02 L. Annual savings for a 200-room hotel (2 cups/guest/day, 75% occupancy): 551,700 L/year.

Blockchain Verification & MRV

To ensure additionality and prevent double-counting, each cultivation batch is registered on the Hedera Hashgraph public ledger. The MRV (Monitoring, Reporting, Verification) workflow is:

1. Batch Registration: When a cultivation cycle begins, a batch ID is generated and registered on-ledger with timestamp, device ID, and initial telemetry baseline.
2. Continuous Telemetry: Every 60 seconds, the device reports water usage, energy draw, and estimated carbon capture. Each telemetry batch is hashed (SHA-256) and the hash is submitted on-ledger.
3. Harvest Certification: Upon harvest, the wet-weight is recorded and matched against the accumulated biomass model prediction (±12% tolerance). A "harvest proof" JSON is anchored on-ledger.
4. ESG Report Issuance: Monthly, the NAPELL platform aggregates all batches and issues a "Carbon Reduction Certificate" in PDF + JSON, with Hedera consensus timestamps.

The blockchain anchoring ensures tamper-evidence suitable for third-party ESG audit under AA1000AS or ISAE 3000.

Uncertainty & Quality Assurance

Following IPCC GSG-guided uncertainty assessment (Tier 2 approach), the combined standard error of the reduction estimate is calculated using error propagation:

To report at 95% confidence, the final reduction figure is discounted by 1.96 × σ_total = 43%. The conservative reportable value is therefore 0.54 × 0.57 = 0.31 kg CO₂e per cup.

Methodology Inquiries

For methodology appendices, third-party audit reports, or to propose methodology improvements, contact our ESG team.

Dr. S.L. Ng · esg@napell.bio · +852 9318 8252

1. Data Controller

NAPELL BIOTECH LIMITED ("we", "us", "our") is the data controller for the purposes of the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (PDPO) of Hong Kong and, where applicable, the GDPR (EU).

2. Personal Data We Collect

2.1 Hotel Partners & Staff

• Contact persons: Name, job title, business email, business phone number (collected for partnership management).
• Technical contacts: Name, email, IP address of API integration endpoints (collected for technical support).

2.2 Hotel Guests (Indirect Collection)

When a guest interacts with our system (e.g., scanning a QR code to view coffee carbon footprint), we may collect:

• Device identifier: Anonymized device ID (not linked to real-world identity without additional information from the hotel).
• Interaction timestamp: Date and time of QR scan (used for ESG reporting — "guest engagement rate").
• No biometric or location data is collected. We do not access the guest's contact list, photos, or precise GPS location.

2.3 Website Visitors

• Log data: IP address, browser type, pages visited, referring URL (collected automatically via server logs).
• Cookies: Essential cookies only (session management). No third-party tracking or advertising cookies are used.
• Contact form: Name, email address, message content (collected only when you voluntarily submit an inquiry).

3. Purposes of Processing

Personal data is processed for the following purposes:

• Contract performance: Managing the hotel partnership, providing technical support, and delivering ESG reports.
• Legitimate interests: Improving system performance, analyzing aggregated guest engagement trends, and preventing fraud/misuse.
• Legal obligation: Complying with tax, audit, and ESG reporting requirements under Hong Kong law.
• Consent: Sending marketing communications (you may withdraw consent at any time).

4. Legal Basis for Processing (GDPR)

Purpose	Legal Basis
Partnership management	Contract
ESG reporting (aggregated)	Legitimate interest
Technical support	Contract
Marketing emails	Consent (opt-in)
Website analytics (anonimized)	Legitimate interest

5. Data Sharing & Disclosure

We do not sell personal data to third parties. Data may be shared only in the following circumstances:

• Service providers: Cloud hosting (Tencent Cloud Hong Kong region), email delivery (MF API), and blockchain anchoring (Hedera). These providers are bound by data processing agreements.
• Hotel partners: Aggregated (non-personally identifiable) ESG data is shared with the partner hotel for their annual ESG reporting.
• Legal requirement: When required by law, court order, or government authority with competent jurisdiction.
• Business transfer: In the event of a merger, acquisition, or asset sale, personal data may be transferred as part of the business assets.

6. International Data Transfers

Data is primarily stored on servers located in Hong Kong S.A.R., China. For blockchain anchoring, hashed (non-reversible) telemetry data is submitted to the Hedera public ledger (global node network). No personally identifiable information (PII) is included in blockchain records.

For GDPR purposes, Hong Kong is recognized as providing an adequate level of data protection. If data is transferred outside Hong Kong/EEA, we implement Standard Contractual Clauses (SCCs) or rely on an adequacy decision.

7. Data Retention

• Partnership data: Retained for the duration of the partnership + 7 years (tax/audit requirement under Hong Kong law).
• Guest interaction data (anonimized): Retained for 3 years (ESG trend analysis).
• Website logs: Retained for 90 days (security monitoring).
• Marketing consent records: Retained until consent is withdrawn + 2 years.

8. Your Rights

Depending on your jurisdiction, you may have the following rights:

• Access: Request a copy of your personal data.
• Rectification: Request correction of inaccurate data.
• Erasure: Request deletion of your data ("right to be forgotten").
• Object / Restrict: Object to processing or request restriction.
• Data portability: Request your data in a machine-readable format.
• Withdraw consent: Withdraw previously given consent (does not affect lawfulness of prior processing).

To exercise these rights, contact us at privacy@napell.bio. We will respond within 30 days.

9. Security Measures

• Encryption: All data in transit is encrypted via TLS 1.3. Data at rest is encrypted using AES-256.
• Access control: Multi-factor authentication (MFA) is required for all internal systems. Access is role-based and reviewed quarterly.
• Blockchain anchoring: Only SHA-256 hashes (not raw data) are stored on-ledger, ensuring tamper-evidence without exposing PII.
• Incident response: A defined incident response plan is in place. In the event of a data breach, affected users and regulators will be notified within 72 hours as required by law.

10. Cookies

Our website uses only essential cookies (session management). We do not use tracking cookies, analytics cookies, or advertising cookies. You can disable cookies in your browser settings; however, this may affect website functionality.

11. Children's Privacy

Our services are not directed to children under the age of 13. We do not knowingly collect personal data from children. If you believe a child has provided us with personal data, please contact us immediately.

12. Changes to This Policy

We may update this Privacy Policy from time to time. The updated version will be posted on this page with a new effective date. For material changes, we will notify partners via email at least 14 days prior to the change taking effect.

13. Contact Us

1. Definitions

• "Equipment" means the NAPELL aeroponic cultivation unit(s) and any accessories provided under a Proposal.
• "ESG Platform" means the cloud-based dashboard, APIs, and mobile application provided by NAPELL.
• "Guest Data" means anonymized interaction data (QR scan timestamps, coffee tree adoption status) collected through the Equipment.
• "Hotel" means the partner hotel entity that enters into a Proposal with NAPELL.
• "Proposal" means the commercial agreement (including any Order Form, SOW, or SOW) incorporating these Terms.

2. Scope of Service

Subject to your compliance with these Terms and payment of applicable fees, NAPELL shall:

• Lease the Equipment to the Hotel for the Term specified in the Proposal.
• Provide remote monitoring, technical support, and ESG data aggregation via the ESG Platform.
• Maintain the Equipment in good working order; routine maintenance is remote, non-intrusive, and requires no hotel staff action.

NAPELL does not provide horticultural services, food safety certification, or ESG audit services. ESG data is provided for informational and reporting assistance purposes only; NAPELL is not a licensed carbon auditor.

3. Installation & Site Requirements

3.1 Site Preparation

The Hotel shall provide, at its own cost:

• A level floor area of 0.23 m² per unit (clearance requirements: 100 mm rear, 300 mm top).
• A grounded electrical outlet (IEC 60320 C13 compatible, 220–240 V AC, 50 Hz, 3A circuit).
• Stable Wi-Fi connectivity (2.4 GHz or 5 GHz, minimum 5 Mbps uplink).

3.2 Access

The Hotel shall grant NAPELL technicians remote access (via ESG Platform) and, if required for hardware replacement, on-site access during business hours with 48 hours' notice.

4. Intellectual Property

4.1 NAPELL IP

All rights, title, and interest in the Equipment, ESG Platform, APIs, firmware, and all improvements thereto remain the exclusive property of NAPELL. No intellectual property rights are transferred to the Hotel under these Terms.

4.2 Hotel Data

The Hotel retains all rights to raw telemetry data generated by the Equipment on its premises. NAPELL is granted a non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use such data for:

• Providing and improving the ESG Platform;
• Aggregated, anonymized benchmarking across multiple hotel properties; and
• Research and development of cultivation optimization algorithms.

4.3 Restrictions

The Hotel shall not (i) reverse-engineer, decompile, or disassemble the Equipment or ESG Platform; (ii) copy or modify any software provided by NAPELL; or (iii) sublicense or transfer access credentials to any third party.

5. Data Privacy & GDPR / PDPO

Each party shall comply with applicable data protection laws, including the Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance (PDPO) of Hong Kong and, where applicable, the EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR).

The parties acknowledge that, for Guest Data, NAPELL acts as a data processor and the Hotel acts as the data controller. A separate Data Processing Agreement (DPA) is executed as part of the Proposal where required.

6. Payment Terms

6.1 Fees

Fees are set out in the Proposal. Unless otherwise stated, fees are quoted in Hong Kong Dollars (HKD) and exclude GST / VAT.

6.2 Invoicing & Payment

Invoices are issued monthly in advance. Payment is due within 30 days of the invoice date. Late payment incurs interest at 1.5% per month.

6.3 Suspension

NAPELL may suspend access to the ESG Platform if fees are more than 15 days overdue. Suspension does not relieve the Hotel of its payment obligations.

7. Warranties & Disclaimers

7.1 Equipment Warranty

NAPELL warrants that the Equipment will be free from material defects in materials and workmanship for a period of 24 months from the Installation Date.

7.2 Platform Availability

NAPELL targets 99.5% uptime for the ESG Platform (excluding scheduled maintenance, which is notified ≥48 hours in advance).

7.3 Disclaimer

TO THE MAXIMUM EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW, THE EQUIPMENT AND ESG PLATFORM ARE PROVIDED "AS IS" AND "AS AVAILABLE". NAPELL DISCLAIMS ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT.

8. Limitation of Liability

IN NO EVENT SHALL NAPELL BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING LOSS OF PROFITS, LOSS OF DATA, OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION), EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

The limitations in this Section 8 do not apply to: (a) death or personal injury caused by negligence; (b) fraud or fraudulent misrepresentation; or (c) any liability that cannot be excluded under applicable law.

9. Indemnification

9.1 By NAPELL

NAPELL shall defend, indemnify, and hold harmless the Hotel from and against any third-party claim that the Equipment or ESG Platform infringes such third party's intellectual property rights.

9.2 By Hotel

The Hotel shall defend, indemnify, and hold harmless NAPELL from and against any third-party claim arising from: (a) the Hotel's misuse of the Equipment; (b) the Hotel's breach of data protection obligations; or (c) personal injury or property damage caused by the Hotel's negligence in site preparation or maintenance.

10. Term & Termination

10.1 Term

These Terms commence on the Effective Date and continue for the initial term specified in the Proposal. Thereafter, the agreement renews automatically for successive 12-month periods unless either party gives 60 days' written notice prior to the end of the then-current term.

10.2 Termination for Cause

Either party may terminate these Terms with immediate effect by written notice if the other party: (a) breaches a material term and fails to cure within 30 days of notice; or (b) becomes insolvent, enters bankruptcy, or ceases business operations.

10.3 Effect of Termination

Upon termination: (i) the Hotel shall return or destroy (at NAPELL's option) all NAPELL confidential information and equipment; (ii) the Hotel shall pay all outstanding fees; and (iii) Sections 4, 7, 8, 9, 10.3, and 11 shall survive termination.

11. Confidentiality

Each party may receive Confidential Information from the other. "Confidential Information" includes the Proposal terms, ESG data not publicly disclosed, and any non-public technical or commercial information marked "confidential".

Each party shall: (i) maintain the confidentiality of the other's Confidential Information; (ii) not disclose it to any third party without prior written consent; and (iii) use it solely for the purposes of these Terms. This obligation survives termination for 3 years.

Confidential Information does not include information that: (a) is or becomes publicly available without breach; (b) was rightfully known prior to disclosure; (c) is independently developed; or (d) is required to be disclosed by law or court order (subject to prior notice to the disclosing party).

12. Governing Law & Dispute Resolution

These Terms are governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China, without regard to its conflict of laws principles.

Any dispute, controversy, or claim arising out of or relating to these Terms shall be referred to and finally resolved by arbitration administered by the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (HKIAC) under the HKIAC Administered Arbitration Rules in force when the notice of arbitration is submitted. The seat of arbitration shall be Hong Kong. The language of arbitration shall be English.

13. Force Majeure

Neither party shall be liable for any delay or failure to perform its obligations under these Terms (other than payment obligations) due to causes beyond its reasonable control, including but not limited to: act of God, natural disaster, war, civil unrest, government action, epidemic, or failure of the internet (each, a "Force Majeure Event").

The affected party shall promptly notify the other party and use reasonable efforts to mitigate the effects of the Force Majeure Event. If a Force Majeure Event continues for more than 60 consecutive days, either party may terminate these Terms with immediate effect by written notice.

14. Miscellaneous

14.1 Entire Agreement

These Terms, together with the Proposal and any DPA, constitute the entire agreement between the parties and supersede all prior agreements, understandings, and communications, whether written or oral.

14.2 Amendment

No amendment to these Terms shall be effective unless in writing and signed by both parties' authorized representatives.

14.3 Assignment

The Hotel shall not assign or transfer these Terms (in whole or in part) without NAPELL's prior written consent. NAPELL may assign these Terms in connection with a merger, acquisition, or sale of substantially all assets.

14.4 Severability

If any provision of these Terms is held to be invalid or unenforceable, the remaining provisions shall continue in full force and effect.

14.5 Waiver

No waiver of any term shall be deemed a further or continuing waiver of such term or any other term.

14.6 Notices

All notices shall be in writing and delivered by email (with confirmation of transmission) or registered mail to the addresses specified in the Proposal.

15. Contact